ABSTRACT
Introduction: A lot of researches have been done to support the role of vasopressors in elective Cesarean section to prevent hypotension in patient under spinal anesthesia resulting in better hemodynamic control in mother and fetus. This study was conducted to compare the effect of low dose ephedrine (60 mg) and phenylephrine (2 mg) on hemodynamic stability and fetal acid base profile in patient posted for elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Materials and methods: Ninety three patients were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into three groups. Group C received ephedrine infusion; group B received phenylephrine infusion while group A were preloaded with crystalloid. Maternal vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation) and fetal APGAR score and acid-base status were recorded. Results: Hypotension was significantly recorded in crystalloid group as compared to phenylephrine and ephedrine group. Apgar scores in newborns were above 8 in all three groups. Umbilical cord blood pH was higher in phenylephrine and ephedrine groups in comparison to crystalloid group. Conclusion: Prophylactic low dose phenylephrine and ephedrine infusion were more effective than crystalloid preloading in prevention of hypotension and fetal acidosis during spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean section.
ABSTRACT
Background: Colorectal diseases are frequently encountered in clinical practice. They range from minor problems causing minimal discomfort to potentially serious diseases causing much morbidity and mortality. Clinically most of these disorders present with non-specific symptoms like altered bowel habits, diarrhea, bleeding per rectum either melaena or fresh hemorrhage; thus causing much delay in drawing attention. Early detection and proper management are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Various diagnostic tools are developed in the recent past, improving the detection and assessment of these lesions. Objectives: To study the profile of various non-neoplastic colorectal lesions and to know the relative frequency of various diseases, and to know the age and sex incidence of the non-neoplastic colorectal lesions. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur district. The present study comprised a total of 507 cases of colorectal Chityala Jyothi, T. Divyagna, V. Vijaya Sreedhar, M. Narsing Rao, M.N.P. Charan Paul, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Profile of non-neoplastic colorectal lesions - A five year study. IAIM, 2016; 3(7): 171-180. Page 172 lesions which were received in the department of pathology as colonoscopic biopsies and resected specimens. Out of 507 cases, 187 cases were neoplastic and 320 cases belonged to the non-neoplastic group. The present study was done on the non-neoplastic colorectal lesions over a study period of 5 years, i.e. from June 2008 to May 2013. Results: The present study comprised a total of 507 cases of colorectal lesions over a study period of 5 years, i.e. from June 2008 to May 2013; which included 405 (79.88%) cases of colonoscopic biopsies and 102 (20.12%) cases of resected specimens. Out of the total 507 colorectal lesions, there were 320 (63.12%) cases of non-neoplastic lesions and 187 (36.88%) cases of neoplastic lesions. Out of 320 cases of Non-neoplastic lesions, 211 (65.94%) cases were Males and 109 (34.06%) cases were females; the predominant lesion was chronic non-specific colitis constituting 187 (58.44%) of cases and next to it is the Inflammatory bowel disease which included ulcerative colitis constituting 40 (12.50%) of cases and 10 (3.12%) cases of Crohn’s disease. Conclusion: Colorectal lesions are one of the common causes of morbidity. In routine clinical practice, histology is often considered as the gold standard when compared with other tests. Biopsy provides an excellent opportunity for the clinician and histopathologist to correlate, colonoscopic findings and pathological features
ABSTRACT
Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving therapeutic intervention and millions of lives are saved each year globally through this procedure. However, blood transfusions are associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences. It may cause acute or delayed complications and carries the risk of the transmission of blood borne infectious agents. Materials and methods: This study was done in Government general hospital blood bank, Nizamabad district, Telangana state, India. Study duration was six years, from June 2010 to May 2016. Blood was collected from apparently healthy donors after following the questionnaire put forth by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) through blood camps organized by voluntary organizations, voluntary and replacement donors in the government blood bank and motivated student bodies. Results: In our study, total screening positives were 532 out of the total 55291 units accounting to 0.96%. Among the positives, most of the positives belonged to Hepatitis B virus, HBsAg positives were 384 cases (0.69%), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were 117 cases (0.20%), Venereal Ather Fatima, Farida Begum, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections among Blood Donors in Nizamabad District of Telangana State - A six years study. IAIM, 2016; 3(8): 73-78. Page 74 Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) positives were 22 cases (0.03%) and minimal positives were noted in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) those were 09 cases (0.01%). Conclusion: Transfusion of blood and blood products is an established mode of treatment in many conditions. However unnecessary transfusions and unsafe transfusion practices expose patients to the risk of serious adverse transfusion reactions and transfusion-transmitted infections. This risk can be minimized by encouraging voluntary non-remunerative donation and screening of blood for TTI before transfusion with better screening methods like Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA), Nucleic Acid Amplification technique (NAT).